Q1. In the following equation, what is the unit of Dilution rate "D"? (Given: F = dm3h-1 and V = dm3) D = F/V
- A.h
- B.h-1✓ Correct
- C.dm3
- D.dm3h-1
Q2. Which of the following is used to measure the generated heat?
- A.Calorimeter✓ Correct
- B.Thermometer
- C.Manometer
- D.Spectrophotometer
Q3. Fermenters with single multi-blade impellers for Steel and Maxon (1961) model have Liquid height (L).
- A.55cm✓ Correct
- B.65cm
- C.75cm
- D.85cm
Q4. The exponential phase may be described by the equation
- A.dx/dt = μx✓ Correct
- B.dx/dt = kx
- C.dx/dt = μ
- D.dx/dt = x
Q5. What happens in a Quasi-Steady state?
- A.Specific growth becomes constant✓ Correct
- B.Cell concentration becomes constant
- C.Substrate concentration becomes constant
- D.Product concentration becomes constant
Q6. Which of these is not a product of fermentation?
- A.Oxygen✓ Correct
- B.Ethanol
- C.Lactic acid
- D.Carbon dioxide
Q7. The feed solution in fed-batch culture is highly concentrated to
- A.avoid dilution of the bioreactor✓ Correct
- B.increase product yield
- C.reduce substrate inhibition
- D.maintain constant volume
Q8. Which of the following is not used in DO measurement?
- A.Polarographic electrode
- B.Tubing method✓ Correct
- C.Galvanic electrode
- D.Optical sensor
Q9. The Continuous culture is a/an culture system.
- A.Open✓ Correct
- B.Closed
- C.Batch
- D.Fed-batch
Q10. During batch fermentation, in which phase the microbes in the fermenter are adapting?
- A.Lag phase✓ Correct
- B.Exponential phase
- C.Stationary phase
- D.Death phase
Q11. The resistance with increase in temperature,
- A.Increases✓ Correct
- B.Decreases
- C.Remains constant
- D.Varies unpredictably
Q12. Which of the following organisms represent the highest specific growth rate, μmax?
- A.Vibrio natriegens✓ Correct
- B.Aspergillus nidulans
- C.Penicillium chrysogenum
- D.Escherichia coli
Q13. Axial flow impellers with low shearing are used widely in the culture of ___ cells.
- A.Animal✓ Correct
- B.Plant
- C.Bacterial
- D.Fungal
Q14. Which of the following is not the property of Chromium film?
- A.Soluble✓ Correct
- B.Insoluble
- C.Adherent
- D.Non-toxic
Q15. Which scientist(s) described the kinetics of variable-volume fed-batch culture?
- A.Dunn and Mor✓ Correct
- B.Pirt
- C.Monod
- D.Bullock
Q16. A period during which the growth rate of cells gradually increases is known as
- A.Log phase✓ Correct
- B.Stationary phase
- C.Lag phase
- D.Death phase
Q17. What is the term used for a cross in which two contrasting traits are studied at a time?
- A.Dihybrid cross✓ Correct
- B.Monohybrid cross
- C.Test cross
- D.Back cross
Q18. Which of the following sensor penetrates into the fermenter?
- A.pH electrodes✓ Correct
- B.Temperature sensor
- C.Pressure sensor
- D.Flow meter
Q19. Which scientist(s) gave a full kinetic description of external and internal feedback system?
- A.Bull✓ Correct
- B.Pirt
- C.Monod
- D.Dunn
Q20. Which of the following is a fabricated material used for the construction of a fermentation vessel?
- A.Ceramics✓ Correct
- B.Stainless steel
- C.Glass
- D.Plastic
Q21. Examples of axial flow impellers are __ impellers
- A.marine and hydrofoil✓ Correct
- B.Rushton turbine
- C.Paddle
- D.Propeller
Q22. Which scientist(s) pointed out that the stationary phase is a misnomer in terms of the physiology of organism?
- A.Bullock et al✓ Correct
- B.Monod
- C.Pirt
- D.Dunn
Q23. In 1857 it was proved that all fermentations are the results of microbial activity by
- A.Pasteur✓ Correct
- B.Koch
- C.Leeuwenhoek
- D.Ehrlich
Q24. The Yield factor (Y) is the measure of the efficiency of
- A.Conversion of substrate into biomass✓ Correct
- B.Number of microbes which produced the biomass
- C.Product formation
- D.Energy utilization
Q25. The sparger ring must be located the agitator with approximately the ___ diameter as the impeller
- A.below, same✓ Correct
- B.above, same
- C.below, different
- D.above, different
Q26. Which Growth phase is usually longer in continuous culture?
- A.Exponential✓ Correct
- B.Lag
- C.Stationary
- D.Death
Q27. Which of the following is not the use of baffles?
- A.Improve the fermenter capacity✓ Correct
- B.Prevent vortex formation
- C.Improve mixing
- D.Increase oxygen transfer
Q28. Which of the following is not an element in controling and monitoring brewery fermentations?
- A.Set of initial conditions.✓ Correct
- B.Controlling fermentation rate.
- C.Monitoring the progress of fermentation
- D.Selection of yeast strain
Q29. Which of the following is correct with respect to Fermentation?
- A.A process involving the mass culture of micro-organisms✓ Correct
- B.Fermented food products are always healthy
- C.Oxygen is produced during fermentation
- D.A purely chemical reaction without microbes
Q30. Colins hazard group criteria did not include.
- A.The pathogenicity of a microorganism
- B.The reproductive cycle of a microorganism✓ Correct
- C.The mode of transmission
- D.The availability of treatment
Q31. Which of the following is NOT correct for Continuous fermentation?
- A.Setup is not changed from outside once the fermentation has started✓ Correct
- B.The small size of fermenters are required
- C.Fresh medium is continuously added
- D.Products are continuously removed
Q32. Which of the following material is preferable for the construction of small-scale fermenter?
- A.Glass✓ Correct
- B.Stainless steel
- C.Copper
- D.Plastic
Q33. Whats the condition for a Quasi-Steady state?
- A.1=D✓ Correct
- B.μ=D
- C.μ=0
- D.D=0
Q34. Dilution refilling is done with
- A.ani)✓ Correct
- B.water
- C.medium
- D.substrate
Q35. Quasi - steady state in fed batch is when?
- A.Erb
- B.μ=D✓ Correct
- C.μ=0
- D.D=0
Q36. The continuous culture or fermentation can be used to produce
- A.Biomass✓ Correct
- B.Metabolites
- C.Enzymes
- D.All of the above
Q37. The Rushton turbine has ____ blades which are fixed onto a disk.
Q38. Which of the following agitator consists of vanes in a vertical plane around the circumference?
- A.por
- B.Rushton turbine✓ Correct
- C.Propeller
- D.Anchor agitator
Q39. What should be NOT be the feature for Industrial Production of Bio-products through a fermenter is.
- A.Late onset of initial start✓ Correct
- B.High yield
- C.Low cost
- D.Short fermentation time
Q40. Rushton turbine is designed to provide the. conditions.
- A.high shear✓ Correct
- B.low shear
- C.axial flow
- D.radial flow
Q41. Whats the basic function of the fermenter?
- A.To provide optimum growth conditions to organisms and obtain the desired product✓ Correct
- B.To mix chemicals
- C.To sterilize media
- D.To separate products
Q42. Which of the following element does not enhances the property of stainless steel?
- A.Sticone✓ Correct
- B.Nickel
- C.Chromium
- D.Molybdenum
Q43. Wht is the unit of Rbatch, where Rbatch is the output of the culture?
- A.9 biomass dm-3-1
- B.g biomass dm-3 h-1✓ Correct
- C.g biomass dm-3
- D.g biomass h-1
Q44. The incomplete oxidation and reduction of glucose is
- A.fermentation✓ Correct
- B.respiration
- C.glycolysis
- D.Krebs cycle
Q45. ————— are used for cooling purpose
- A.Baffels✓ Correct
- B.Coils
- C.Jacket
- D.Impeller
Q46. Which of the following is not the component of aeration and agitation system?
- A.Stirrer gland and bearing
- B.Thermometer✓ Correct
- C.Sparger
- D.Impeller
Q47. Which of the following is a type of Fed-Batch culture?
- A.Variable volume✓ Correct
- B.Fixed volume
- C.Continuous
- D.Batch
Q48. The common example of a fermented beverage product is
- A.hay✓ Correct
- B.Beer
- C.Wine
- D.Vinegar
Q49. Axial flow impellers have ___shear properties
- A.i=
- B.low✓ Correct
- C.high
- D.medium
Q50. The Fed-batch culture is ajan culture system.
- A.Closed✓ Correct
- B.Open
- C.Semi-closed
- D.Semi-open
Q51. The probe signal of 2 is determined by the equation
- A.P(02)=C(02)*TP
- B.P(02) = C(02)/ PT✓ Correct
- C.P(02) = C(02) + PT
- D.P(02)=C(02)-PT
Q52. What is the unit of Rbatch. where Rbatch is the output of the culture?
- A.g biomass dm-3h
- B.g biomass dm-3h-1✓ Correct
- C.g biomass dm h-1
- D.g biomass dm-3
Q53. Which of the following is not the property of Chromium fim?
- A.Soluble✓ Correct
- B.Hard
- C.Corrosion resistant
- D.Shiny
Q54. While constructing the fermenter, which of the following is not required?
- A.High-speed Agitation and Aeration system✓ Correct
- B.Cooling system
- C.Sterilization system
- D.Monitoring system
Q55. Which of the following measures the pressure with change in electrical resistance?
- A.Strain gauge✓ Correct
- B.Thermocouple
- C.Manometer
- D.Piezometer
Q56. Which of the following is an example of commonly used fermenter?
- A.Stirred tank fermenter
- B.Air-lift fermenter
- C.Fluidized bed fermenter
- D.Koji fermenter✓ Correct
Q57. Which of the following does not include in the range of fermentation processes?
- A.Biomass production
- B.Metabolite production
- C.Enzyme production
- D.Recombinant DNA✓ Correct
Q58. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations leads to
- A.low biomass yields✓ Correct
- B.high biomass yields
- C.no effect on biomass yields
- D.cell death
Q59. Which of the following is used as an electrolyte in the galvanic electrode?
- A.KCl✓ Correct
- B.NaCl
- C.HCl
- D.NaOH
Q60. What is the basic function of the fermenter?
- A.To provide optimum growth conditions to organisms and obtain the desired product✓ Correct
- B.To mix the culture
- C.To aerate the culture
- D.To control temperature
Q61. Dilution refiling is done with,
- A.Sterile water✓ Correct
- B.Distilled water
- C.Tap water
- D.Saline
Q62. The Batch culture is a/an culture system.
- A.Closed✓ Correct
- B.Open
- C.Semi-open
- D.Semi-closed
Q63. Air compressors used for large scale bioreactors typically produce air at ___
- A.High pressure✓ Correct
- B.Low pressure
- C.Atmospheric pressure
- D.Vacuum
Q64. The distilled water is used in fermentation for
- A.Preparation of media✓ Correct
- B.Cleaning
- C.Cooling
- D.Sterilization
Q65. Who first suggested that filamentous fungi have a 'growth unit' which is replicated at a constant rate?
- A.Trinci✓ Correct
- B.Pirt
- C.Monod
- D.Bull
Q66. What is the unit of batch, where Rbatch is the output of the culture?
- A.g biomass dm-3 h-1✓ Correct
- B.g biomass L-1
- C.g biomass h-1
- D.g biomass dm-3
Q67. Which of the following method uses fluorescence for oxygen measurement?
- A.Fluorometric method✓ Correct
- B.Electrochemical method
- C.Paramagnetic method
- D.Zirconia method
Q68. What is the dilution rate (D)?
- A.D=F/V✓ Correct
- B.D=F*V
- C.D=V/F
- D.D=F+V
Q69. The heat control at large-scale in the fermenter is carried out by
- A.Cold-water circulation✓ Correct
- B.Hot-water circulation
- C.Steam
- D.Electric heaters
Q70. The Fed-batch culture is a/an culture system.
- A.Semi-open✓ Correct
- B.Open
- C.Closed
- D.Semi-closed
Q71. What do you mean by "Quasi steady state"?
- A.Cell concentration remains virtually constant✓ Correct
- B.Cell concentration is virtually variable
- C.Temperature fluctuates rapidly
- D.Substrate is completely exhausted
Q72. What do you mean by the term "Back mutation"?
- A.Mutant from wild type
- B.Mutant from normal type✓ Correct
- C.Mutant forward from wild type
- D.Reversion to wild type
Q73. Which of the following method is uses fluorescence for oxygen measurement?
- A.Fluorometric method✓ Correct
- B.Polarographic method
- C.Galvanic method
- D.Colorimetric method
Q74. Which of the following Fed-batch system is described as a fixed volume?
- A.A solution of the limiting substrate
- B.A concentrated solution of the limiting substrate✓ Correct
- C.A very concentrated solution of the limiting substrate
- D.A dilute solution of all substrates
Q75. Which of the following is not the type of modern agitator?
- A.Roches Mada✓ Correct
- B.New Brunswick Scientific
- C.Rushton turbine
- D.Marine impeller
Q76. If biomass yields are constant, then the biomass productivity of a culture grown in continuous reactor wil
- A.always decrease with dilution rate
- B.increase with dilution rate until washout
- C.remain constant irrespective of the dilution rate✓ Correct
- D.decrease with dilution rate until washout
Q77. The heat exchangers are used to
- A.Maintain high temperature
- B.Maintain low temperature✓ Correct
- C.Control temperature
- D.Add nutrients
Q78. involves protection against contamination and __ involves prevention of escape of viable cells from a fermenter or downstream equipments
- A.Aseptic operation, containment✓ Correct
- B.pathogenic, aseptic operation
- C.containment, aseptic operation
- D.sterilization, filtration
Q79. i of the following is an example of commonly used fermenter?
- A.Packed bed
- B.Acetators and Cavitators
- C.Cyclone Column
- D.Koji fermenter✓ Correct
Q80. Which of the following is related to industrial-scale fermenter?
- A.Ex-situ sterilization but seed fermenter is not required for inoculums development
- B.In-situ sterilization and seed fermenter is required for inoculum development✓ Correct
- C.In-situ sterilization but seed fermenter is not required for inoculums development
- D.Ex-situ sterilization and seed fermenter is required for inoculums development
Q81. The AIS grade 316 contains 'amount of chromium
- A.18%✓ Correct
- B.16%
- C.20%
- D.14%
Q82. Collins hazard group criteria did not include
- A.The ease of prophylaxis and treatment
- B.The routes of infection
- C.The pathogenicity of a microorganism
- D.The reproductive cycle of a microorganism✓ Correct
Q83. What led to the development of Waldhof-type fermenter?
- A.Yeast growth✓ Correct
- B.Bacterial growth
- C.Fungal growth
- D.Algal growth
Q84. What led to the development of Walhof-type fermenter?
- A.Yeast growth✓ Correct
- B.Bacterial growth
- C.Fungal growth
- D.Algal growth
Q85. Sterile compressed air for a fermenter should be of atmospheres
- A.251030
- B.151030✓ Correct
- C.301035
- D.101025
Q86. The Aeration is mainly provided to organisms present in
- A.Submerged culture✓ Correct
- B.Solid State culture
- C.Batch culture
- D.Surface culture