Q1. For a positively skewed distribution m3 will be:
- A.Positive✓ Correct
- B.Negative
- C.Zero
- D.1
Q2. When data is labeled to identify an attribute of element, the measurement scale is:
- A.Ordinal
- B.Interval
- C.Nominal✓ Correct
- D.Ratio
Q3. Suppose the estimated equation is has been calculated for a set of data. What is slop of the line:
Q4. If P(B|A) = 0.25 and , then P(A) is:
- A.0.05
- B.0.80
- C.0.95
- D.0.75✓ Correct
Q5. Which branch of statistics deals with the techniques that are used to organize, summarize, and present the data:
- A.Advance statistics
- B.Probability statistics
- C.Descriptive statistics✓ Correct
- D.Inferential statistics
Q6. In a sample of 800 students in a university, 160, or 20%, are Business majors. Based on the above information, the school's paper reported that '20% of all the students at the university are Business majors.' This report is an example of :
- A.A sample
- B.A population
- C.Sstatistical inference✓ Correct
- D.Descriptive statistics
Q7. A set that contains all possible outcomes of a system is known as
- A.Finite Set
- B.Infinite Set
- C.Universal Set✓ Correct
- D.No of these
Q8. Which of the following is the class frequency
- A.The number of observations in each class✓ Correct
- B.The difference between consecutive lower class limits
- C.Always contains at least 5 observations
- D.Usually a multiple of the lower limit of the first class
Q9. How to construct the class interval:
- A.Divide the class frequencies in half
- B.Divide the class frequency by the number of observations
- C.Find the difference between consecutive lower class limits✓ Correct
- D.Count the number of observations in the class
Q10. Data in the Population Census Report is:
- A.Ungrouped data
- B.Secondary data✓ Correct
- C.Primary data
- D.Arrayed data
Q11. What is the range of -2,-3,-5,-10 :
Q12. The algebraic sum of deviations from mean is:
- A.Maximum
- B.Minimum
- C.Zero✓ Correct
- D.Undefined
Q13. The sum of squares of deviations from mean is:
- A.Undefined
- B.Zero
- C.Maximum
- D.Minimum✓ Correct
Q14. Statistic is a numerical quantity, which is calculated from:
- A.Population
- B.Sample✓ Correct
- C.Data
- D.Observations
Q15. Which of the following is not based on all the observations?
- A.Arithmetic Mean
- B.Geometric Mean
- C.Harmonic mean
- D.Mode✓ Correct
Q16. Eye color of students is the example of:
- A.Attribute✓ Correct
- B.Discrete variable
- C.Continuous variable
- D.None of these
Q17. If any value in data is zero, then it is not possible to have:
- A.A.M
- B.Median
- C.Mode
- D.H.M✓ Correct
Q18. The standard deviation of c (constant) is:
- A.C
- B.C^2
- C.Zero✓ Correct
- D.None of these
Q19. Scatter diagram is expressed as:
- A.Curve
- B.Lines
- C.Dots✓ Correct
- D.Rectangles
Q20. The random variable “the number of heads” in tossing of two coins is :
- A.Continuous variable
- B.Discrete random variable✓ Correct
- C.May be discrete or continuous random variable
- D.None of these
Q21. The heights in centimeters of 5 students are: 165, 175, 176, 159, 170. The sample median and sample mean are respectively:
- A.170, 169
- B.170, 170
- C.169, 170✓ Correct
- D.176, 169
Q22. The characteristic which can not be measured numerically is called:
- A.Quantitative variable
- B.Qualitative variable✓ Correct
- C.Discrete variable
- D.Continuous variable
Q23. The expected value of the normal distribution is
Q24. Normal distribution is
- A.Uni-model✓ Correct
- B.Bi-modal
- C.Multi-model
- D.None of these
Q25. One sided and two sided critical regions are based on:
- A.Level of significance
- B.Sample size
- C.Null hypothesis
- D.Alternative hypothesis✓ Correct
Q26. The rule or formula that is used to estimate a population parameter is called:
- A.Estimate
- B.Estimator✓ Correct
- C.Denominator
- D.None of these
Q27. The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis is called:
- A.Level of significance
- B.Type-1 error✓ Correct
- C.Type-II error
- D.None of above
Q28. The value of chi-square can never be
- A.Zero
- B.Negative✓ Correct
- C.Greater than 1
- D.None of these
Q29. Which is not a source of existing statistics?
- A.Government
- B.International agencies
- C.Personal interviews✓ Correct
- D.Private sources
Q30. Followings are the advantages of secondary data except
- A.Non-Reactivity
- B.Selective survival✓ Correct
- C.Low cost
- D.Spontaneity
Q31. Following are the disadvantages of secondary data except
- A.Longitudinal analysis✓ Correct
- B.Sampling bias
- C.Coding difficult
- D.Incompleteness
Q32. The coding of the secondary data may be difficult because of
- A.Differences in content or subject matter
- B.Lack of standardization
- C.Differences in length and format
- D.All of these✓ Correct
Q33. The researcher must be concerned about the following problems while using secondary data in research.
- A.Validity
- B.Reliability
- C.Both of these✓ Correct
- D.None of these
Q34. Hypothesis refers to
- A.The outcome of an experiment
- B.A conclusion drawn from an experiment
- C.A form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
- D.A tentative statement about the relationship✓ Correct
Q35. Statistics is used by researchers to
- A.Analyze the empirical data collected in a study✓ Correct
- B.Make their findings sound better
- C.Operationally define their variables
- D.Ensure the study comes out the way it was intended
Q36. A literature review requires
- A.Planning
- B.Good & clear writing
- C.Lot of rewriting
- D.All of the above✓ Correct
Q37. A literature review is based on the assumption that
- A.Copy from the work of others
- B.Knowledge accumulates and learns from the work of others✓ Correct
- C.Knowledge disaccumulates
- D.None of the above option
Q38. A theoretical framework
- A.Elaborates the r/s among the variables
- B.Explains the logic underlying these r/s
- C.Describes the nature and direction of the r/s
- D.All of the above✓ Correct
Q39. Which of the following statement is not true?
- A.A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project
- B.A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting the proposed research project
- C.A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project✓ Correct
- D.A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research project
Q40. Preliminary data collection is a part of the
- A.Descriptive research
- B.Exploratory research✓ Correct
- C.Applied research
- D.Explanatory research
Q41. Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating
- A.Primary data✓ Correct
- B.Secondary data
- C.Qualitative data
- D.None of the above
Q42. After identifying the important variables and establishing the logical reasoning in theoretical framework, the next step in the research process is
- A.To conduct surveys
- B.To generate the hypothesis✓ Correct
- C.To focus group discussions
- D.To use experiments in an investigation
Q43. The appropriate analytical technique is determined by
- A.The research design
- B.Nature of the data collected
- C.Nature of the hypothesis
- D.Both A & B✓ Correct
Q44. Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as:
- A.Mall interviews
- B.Mall intercept interviews✓ Correct
- C.Brief interviews
- D.None of the given options
Q45. WATS lines provided by long distance telephone service at fixed rates. In this regard, WATS is the abbreviation of:
- A.West Africa Theological Seminary
- B.Washtenaw Area Transportation Study
- C.Wide Area Telecommunications Service✓ Correct
- D.World Air Transport Statistics
Q46. A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as the:
- A.Interview schedule
- B.Questionnaire✓ Correct
- C.Interview guide
- D.All of the given options
Q47. One of the most critical stages in the survey research process is:
- A.Research design
- B.Questionnaire design✓ Correct
- C.Interview design
- D.Survey design
Q48. Question that consists of two or more questions joined together is called a:
- A.Double barreled question✓ Correct
- B.General question
- C.Accurate question
- D.Confusing question
Q49. The number of questionnaires returned or completed divided by the total number of eligible people who were contacted or asked to participate in the survey is called the:
- A.Response rate✓ Correct
- B.Participation rate
- C.Inflation rate
- D.None of the given options
Q50. To obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, when we ask general question before a specific question then this procedure is called as the:
- A.Research technique
- B.Qualitative technique
- C.Funnel technique✓ Correct
- D.Quantitative technique
Q51. A small scale trial run of a particular component is known as:
- A.Pilot testing
- B.Pre-testing
- C.Lab experiments
- D.Both A & B✓ Correct
Q52. Field testing of the questionnaire shows that:
- A.Respondents are willing to co-operate✓ Correct
- B.Respondents are not willing to co-operate
- C.Respondents do not like any participation
- D.All of the given options
Q53. Service evaluation of hotels and restaurants can be done by the:
- A.Self-administered questionnaires✓ Correct
- B.Office assistant
- C.Manager
- D.None of the given options
Q54. ___________research is based on naturalism.
- A.Field research✓ Correct
- B.Descriptive research
- C.Basic research
- D.Applied research
Q55. ____________is used to obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, by asking general question before a specific question.
- A.Research technique
- B.Qualitative technique
- C.Funnel technique✓ Correct
- D.Quantitative technique
Q56. In, ____________the interviewer and members jointly control the pace and direction of the interview.
- A.Field interview
- B.Telephonic interview
- C.Both A and B✓ Correct
- D.None of the given options
Q57. Randomization of test units is a part of ______________
- A.Pretest
- B.Posttest
- C.Matching
- D.Experiment✓ Correct
Q58. Which one of the following sets is the measure of central tendency?
- A.Mean, standard deviation, mode
- B.Mean, median, standard deviation
- C.Arithmetic mean, median, mode✓ Correct
- D.Standard deviation, internal validity, mode
Q59. Internal validity refers to .
- A.Researcher’s degree of confidence.✓ Correct
- B.Generalizability
- C.Operationalization
- D.All of the above
Q60. How many times the students appear in the research class is the example of _________.
- A.Intensity
- B.Space
- C.Frequency✓ Correct
- D.Direction
Q61. Time consumed in mall intercept interview is .
- A.High
- B.Moderate✓ Correct
- C.Low
- D.Nil
Q62. Departmental stores selected to test a new merchandising display system is the example of .
- A.Quota sampling
- B.Convenience sampling
- C.Judgmental sampling✓ Correct
- D.Purposive sampling
Q63. In ___________, the researcher attempts to control and/ or manipulate the variables in the study.
- A.Experiment✓ Correct
- B.Hypothesis
- C.Theoretical framework
- D.Research design
Q64. In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____.
- A.Dependent variable
- B.Extraneous variable
- C.Independent variable✓ Correct
- D.Confounding variable
Q65. A measure is reliable if it provides consistent ___________.
- A.Hypothesis
- B.Results✓ Correct
- C.Procedure
- D.Sensitivity
Q66. The interview in which questions are already prepared is called ________.
- A.Telephonic interview
- B.Personal interview
- C.Unstructured interview
- D.Structured interview✓ Correct
Q67. The numerical description that describe sample may be expected to differ from those that describe population because of random fluctuations inherent in sampling process.
- A.Sampling design
- B.Non-probability sampling
- C.Sampling error✓ Correct
- D.Probability sampling
Q68. In ______________ , each population element has a known and equal chance of selection.
- A.Purposive sampling
- B.Quota sampling
- C.Stratified sampling
- D.Simple random sampling✓ Correct
Q69. ______ is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended concepts.
- A.Reliability
- B.Replicability
- C.Scaling
- D.Validity✓ Correct
Q70. A researcher is interested in studying why the “new math” of the 1960s failed. She interviews several teachers who used the new math during the 1960s. These teachers are considered as:
- A.Primary sources✓ Correct
- B.Secondary Sources
- C.External critics
- D.Internal critics
Q71. Which of the following is NOT true about stratified random sampling?
- A.It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
- B.Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions✓ Correct
- C.Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
- D.Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
Q72. Experimental design is the only appropriate design where_________ relationship can be established.
- A.Strong
- B.Linear
- C.Weak
- D.Cause and Effect✓ Correct
Q73. All the persons involved in the collection of data and supervision of data collection process are called
- A.Fieldworkers✓ Correct
- B.Researchers
- C.Research assistants
- D.None of the given options
Q74. While terminating the interview, the fieldworker should not do one of the following:
- A.He should record all the responses made by the interviewee before leaving.
- B.He should thank the interviewee.
- C.He should close the interview hastily.✓ Correct
- D.He should answer all the questions the respondent asks concerning the nature and purpose of the study.
Q75. Which one of these is a type of Interviewee bias?
- A.The respondent does not tell his true income, age, or contact information.✓ Correct
- B.The fieldworker fails to probe the interviewee properly.
- C.The fieldworker contacted the wrong person for interview.
- D.The fieldworker asks the questions in wrong order.
Q76. A magazine conducts a survey and asks its readers to cut the questionnaire from the magazine, fill it and send it via mail. It is a type of
- A.Purposive sampling
- B.Snowball sampling
- C.Sequential sampling
- D.Convenience sampling✓ Correct
Q77. The height distribution of a few students in a school is an example of
- A.Statistic✓ Correct
- B.Population
- C.Parameter
- D.Element
Q78. A researcher wants to conduct a survey of the drug users. Which type of sampling technique will be most appropriate here?
- A.Sequential sampling
- B.Snowball sampling✓ Correct
- C.Quota sampling
- D.Convenience sampling
Q79. When there is a need to apply different data collection methods to different parts of the population, the best sampling method would be
- A.Double sampling
- B.Cluster sampling
- C.Stratified random sampling✓ Correct
- D.Systematic random sampling
Q80. The sampling technique in which every element of the population has an equal, nonzero probability of being selected in a sample, is called
- A.Probability sampling✓ Correct
- B.Convenience sampling
- C.Purposive sampling
- D.Quota sampling
Q81. Target population is also called
- A.Population✓ Correct
- B.Survey population
- C.Population element
- D.Population frame
Q82. Which one of them is the method for probing the respondent?
- A.Repeat the question
- B.Give an expectant pause
- C.Repeat the respondent’s reply
- D.All of the given options✓ Correct
Q83. In lab experiment the effect of Variables is controlled to evaluate the causal relationship.
- A.Extraneous✓ Correct
- B.Moderate
- C.Intervening
- D.All of the above
Q84. Which of the following is the weakest experimental design?
- A.One group pretest-posttest design✓ Correct
- B.Quasi- experimental design
- C.Two group posttest only design
- D.Ex post facto design
Q85. Disadvantage of content analysis is .
- A.Researcher can increase the sample size
- B.Provides access on the subjects to which researcher does have physical access.
- C.Sometime documents provide incomplete account to the researcher✓ Correct
- D.Spontaneous feelings can be recorded when they occurred
Q86. Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to “An experimental design is a set of procedures specifying:”
- A.How the test units (subjects) are to be divided into homogenous sub samples.
- B.What independent variables or treatments are to be measured?✓ Correct
- C.What dependent variables are to be measured?
- D.How the extraneous variables are to be controlled?
Q87. “Teacher should create a friendly environment in the classroom” this is the type of .
- A.Leading question
- B.Loaded question✓ Correct
- C.Double Barreled
- D.Burdensome question
Q88. Discrete variable is also called..........
- A.Categorical variable
- B.Discontinuous variable
- C.Both A & B✓ Correct
- D.None of the above
Q89. “Officers in my organization have higher than average level of commitment” Such a hypothesis is an example of..........
- A.Descriptive Hypothesis
- B.Directional Hypothesis✓ Correct
- C.Relational Hypothesis
- D.All of the above
Q90. ‘Science’ refers to..........
- A.A system for producing knowledge
- B.The knowledge produced by a system
- C.Both A & B✓ Correct
- D.None of the above
Q91. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
- A.Deterministic
- B.Rationalism✓ Correct
- C.Empirical
- D.Abstraction
Q92. The theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the..........
- A.Variables✓ Correct
- B.Hypothesis
- C.Concept
- D.Theory
Q93. Rationalism is the application of which of the following?
- A.Logic and arguments✓ Correct
- B.Research solution
- C.Reasoning
- D.Previous findings
Q94. On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?
- A.Logical understanding
- B.Identification of events
- C.Prior knowledge
- D.All of the given options✓ Correct
Q95. Which of the following refers to research supported by measurable evidence?
- A.Opinion
- B.Empiricism✓ Correct
- C.Speculation
- D.Rationalism
Q96. Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT;
- A.Health care
- B.Religion✓ Correct
- C.Business
- D.Government offices
Q97. All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT;
- A.Data are systematically analyzed
- B.Data are collected systematically
- C.Results are generalizable✓ Correct
- D.Results are used to improve practice
Q98. Which of the following is characteristic of action research?
- A.Variables are tightly controlled
- B.Results are generalizable
- C.Data are usually qualitative✓ Correct
- D.Results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships
Q99. If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth, he is likely conducting which of the following types of research?
- A.Experimental
- B.Applied
- C.Basic
- D.Evaluation✓ Correct
Q100. Exploratory research addresses which of the following types of question?
- A.If
- B.How
- C.Why
- D.What✓ Correct
Q101. Which of the following is not the source for getting information for exploratory research?
- A.Content analysis
- B.Survey✓ Correct
- C.Case study
- D.Pilot study
Q102. Which of the following is the main quality of a good theory?
- A.A theory that has survived attempts at falsification✓ Correct
- B.A theory that is proven to be right
- C.A theory that has been disproved
- D.A theory that has been falsified
Q103. Which of the following is not a concept?
- A.Leadership
- B.Total Quality Management✓ Correct
- C.Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- D.Human Resource Management
Q104. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
- A.Discontinuous variable
- B.Dependent variable
- C.Independent variable✓ Correct
- D.Intervening variable
Q105. Which of the following is the opposite of a variable?
- A.An extraneous variable
- B.A dependent variable
- C.A data set
- D.A constant✓ Correct
Q106. Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
- A.Age
- B.Annual income
- C.Grade point average
- D.Religion✓ Correct
Q107. “Income distribution of employees” in a specific organization is an example of which of following type of variable?
- A.Discontinuous variable✓ Correct
- B.Continuous variable
- C.Dependent variable
- D.Independent variable
Q108. “There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency” is an example of which type of hypothesis?
- A.Alternative
- B.Null✓ Correct
- C.Co relational
- D.Research
Q109. Which of the following is not a role of hypothesis?
- A.Guides the direction of the study
- B.Determine feasibility of conducting the study✓ Correct
- C.Identifies relevant and irrelevant facts
- D.Provides framework for organizing the conclusions
Q110. Hypothesis test may also be called as:
- A.Informal test
- B.Significance test✓ Correct
- C.Moderating test
- D.T-test
Q111. Which type of review compares how different theories address an issue?
- A.Context review
- B.Integrated review
- C.Theoretical review✓ Correct
- D.Methodological review
Q112. After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the reference, EXCEPT;
- A.Volumes
- B.Titles
- C.Price✓ Correct
- D.Full names of the authors